1. The Dictionary of Sydney

The Dictionary of Sydney was archived in 2021.

The Dictionary of Sydney was archived in 2021.

We heart Sydney Town Hall

Sydney Town Hall c1894. By Henry King. Contributed by Powerhouse Museum 85/1285-81 Tyrrell Photographic Collection
Our friends at the City of Sydney (major supporters of the Dictionary) are having an open day from 10 - 3pm in the Lower Town Hall. And I will be there. So you should drop in and say hi!!! Almost everyone who has lived in Sydney has a connection with Sydney Town Hall. It has been a hub of community life and social functions for over 140 years. For a start, there's the town hall steps. Have you ever met someone there? Then the building - it has been decorated in so many ways - for instance to celebrate the arrival of the great white fleet in 1908 when it was decorated with electric lights - one of the first big illuminations held in the city. It has been draped in black banners to mourn the death of King George V in 1936 and it has had lots of different Christmas decorations and lights. And of course there is the hall itself. It is a hall for hire and there have been an amazing range of events held there over the years. It has hosted school awards nights, banquets, and concerts. Trade shows, health displays, demonstrations, conferences and trade union meetings - all have happened at the Sydney Town Hall. Debutante balls have been held there, as well as the artists balls. We have a great article in the Dictionary of Sydney about the Artists Balls at Sydney Town Hall. It was the first performance home of the Sydney Symphony Orchestra. But there has been all sorts of music - Dame Nellie Melba sang in the town hall and so has Lady Ga Ga. Even I have sung in the Sydney Town Hall - Each year I sing Handel's Messiah at the town hall in Radio Community Chest's massed choir. It has been performing for 75 years. The amazing thing is, that a lot of what takes place in the Sydney Town Hall is ephemeral - on one night and gone the next - historic records are thin on the ground. Yet the Sydney Town Hall holds an important place in our memories and Sydney's history.  The City of Sydney's history and curatorial team are hoping to document this social history in an exhibition they're planning but they need your help.

Open Day Saturday 3 May, Lower Town Hall

On Saturday 3 May as part of the National Trust's Heritage Festival, the City of Sydney is inviting the public to bring along any memorabilia you have of Sydney Town Hall - photos, event programs, souvenirs or postcards. There will be a panel of experts that can asses your memorabilia and provide some context to how it fits into the town hall's history. Share your memories and tell the City why the Sydney Town Hall is important to you and your community. You can help the City decide what will be included in their new exhibition that they're planning - we Love Sydney Town Hall. There will also be free mystery tours, floor talks, drawing class and children's activities on the day. You can catch up on Lisa's segment with Mitch on 2SER breakfast here. Tune in next week
Baptist Youth Fellowship in Concert, Sydney Town Hall c1964. Album cover, personal collection.
Baptist Youth Fellowship in Concert, Sydney Town Hall c1964. Album cover, personal collection.
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Cockatoo Island

The Fitzroy Dock, Cockatoo Island c1875. By John Lane Mullins. From the collection of the State Library of New South Wales, A1939028/PXA 420, 13a Mitchell Library
From an Aboriginal meeting place to prison, reformatory, shipyard and now one of the key locations for Sydney's Biennale, Cockatoo Island has a long and fascinating history of use and reuse. This morning Lisa joined Mitch Byatt on 2SER breakfast to talk about Sydney's largest harbour island. You can listen to the segment here and explore some Dictionary links below. Thanks Lisa. --- Cockatoo Island is the largest island in Sydney Harbour. It's located off the shoreline between Birchgrove and Woolwich. Reshaped, levelled, cleared and used for a range of social and industrial purposes, the island is now a historic landmark, administered by the Sydney Harbour Federation Trust, and open to the public. Before the British came along it was an uninhibited rocky outcrop covered in trees that was called Wa-rea-mah by the Wangal and Gadigal Aboriginal people. The British called the island Cockatoo Island because of the flocks of noisy parrots that once perched in its sinewy red angophoras that grew on the island. It's not clear what precise use Aboriginal people made of the islands, beyond exploiting access to fishing and shellfish. In 1839, Governor Gipps chose Cockatoo Island to build a new prison for convicts who had re-offended in the colony. The convicts carved seventeen silos out of the solid sandstone cliffs to store wheat and other grain for the colony. In 1847, they were put to work excavating a dry dock for the repair of Royal Navy and other vessels.
Convicts letter writing at Cockatoo Island 1849. By Vidors, Phillipe de. From the collection of the State Library of New South Wales A928881/SSV/39, Mitchell Library
Frederick Ward (otherwise known as Captain Thunderbolt) is the only prisoner recorded as having escaped from the island, swimming to Balmain one night in 1863 and absconding to the bush with the aid of his Aboriginal wife, Mary Ann Bugg. The island closed as a convict prison in 1869, only to become a reformatory for young girls and boys. It became a prison again afterwards for the overflows from Darlinghurst gaol. In the early 1870s, shipbuilding began on Cockatoo Island. Dredges, barges and tugs were built. In 1913, the island was transferred to the Commonwealth and became the naval dockyard of the Royal Australian Navy. Throughout the twentieth century, the demands of shipbuilding continually modified Cockatoo Island. The skyline was distinguished by cranes, chimneys and water towers. During WW1 at its peak about 4,000 people were employed on the island and they belonged to more than 21 unions for trades such as boilermakers, blacksmiths, ship painters and dockers, gas fitters and plumbers, electricians, shipwrights, storemen and packers, timber workers and the biggest group of all, ironworkers. During WW2 it was  the main ship repair facility in the south-west Pacific. Are you a former dockyard worker?  Did you complete your apprenticeship on Cockatoo Island?  Did your relative work on Cockatoo Island? Our colleagues over at the Sydney Harbour Federation Trust are building a long-term exhibition on Cockatoo Island that documents the history of the island's dockyard workers – and they need your stories. The exhibition will focus on the hard-working men and woman who made Cockatoo Island a powerhouse of industry for over a century. From photos of dockyard life to yarns of larrikin mateship, they would  love to document your experience. You can share your story and help write history. They are after photos, oral histories and memorabillia. You can find out more about the history of the island in Patrick Fletcher's 2011 entry for the Dictionary as well as listen to some oral histories on the Sydney Harbour Federation Trust website or check out a book published by former worker John Jeremy, Cockatoo Island: Sydney's Historic Dockyard, 2005. Dont' forget to join Lisa again next week for more Sydney history on 2SER.
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Sydney Harbour islands

Cadet Ron Whelan from the Snapper Island sea training depot at the wheel of the Canadian five-masted schooner City of Alberni on its visit to Sydney c1940. Image courtesy of the State Library of Victoria, A H98.105/2225
How many islands in Sydney Harbour can you name? There were once 14 islands in Sydney Harbour - Shark, Clark, Fort Denison, Goat, Cockatoo, Snapper and Rodd islands, Spectacle (two into one), Garden, Bennelong, Darling, Glebe and Berry islands. If you just counted, you'll notice we've only named 13 and that's because Spectacle island has been reclaimed and formed from two outcrops. The islands in Sydney Harbour were once the outcrops and the peaks of steep hills and they were basically left uncovered as the sea level rose, between 10,000 and 6,000 years ago, flooding an ancient river valley and forming the harbour that exists today. We also have an inkling about some of the Aboringinal names for the islands. The early colonial record suggests that the islands were called Boambilly (Shark Island), Billong-olola/Be-lang-le-wool (Clark Island), Ba-ing-hoe/Booroowang (Garden Island), Mat-te-wan-ye (Pinchgut/Fort Denison), Me-mel/Milmil (Goat Island), Wa-rea-mah (Cockatoo Island), Ar-ra-re-agon (Snapper Island) and Gong-ul (Spectacle Island). The islands have a rich history that reflects the Aboriginal, colonial, industrial, scientific, naval and social developments of Sydney. And there are many fascinating facts to discover about what's gone on at these places. For example, Shark Island sits in Sydney Harbour, just 1km from Rose Bay. In 1945, the first Sydney to Hobart race was launched from its banks. Rodd Island became the centre of scientific experiments in the 1880s to try and control the rabbit population. There's been convict hard labour, the water police, shipyards, and picnics on the various islands. Cockatoo Island is pretty fascinating, and that's one island you can visit, especially with the Biennale of Sydney happening at the moment. Over the next few weeks we will be looking at some of the different islands and their histories. In the meantime, check out our essay about the islands written by the talent historian Ian Hoskins for the Dictionary and supported by the Australian National Maritime Museum. And if you missed my segment with Sophie yesterday, you can catch up here.
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Sydney's Royal Easter Show

Lost at the Royal Easter Show, Moore Park 18 April 1938. By Sam Hood. From the collection of the State Library of New South Wales, hood_17093 / Home and Away 17093, Mitchell Library)
Sydney's Royal Easter Show is the nation's largest annual agricultural show. For generations it has brought 'the country to the city', and it continues to be important, especially for children, in Sydney's cultural life. The show dates back to 1823 when the newly established Agricultural Society of New South Wales held the first competitive display of animals and produce at Parramatta Domain. Prizes included the best rams, cheeses and beer, as well as for high performing servants! The show got a new lease of life when it moved in Prince Alfred Park in 1869. The agricultural grounds at Moore Park were established in the 1880s and the first show at Moore Park was in 1882. The move to Moore Park enabled the development of a diverse range of educational, entertainment and commercial activities at the Royal Easter Show. The introduction of electrical lighting in 1894, with full electrification in 1916, expanded its operating hours and meant that elaborate entertainments could be held in the evening. While entertainment was always a component of early colonial shows, the move to the Moore Park Showground meant an expansion of amusement rides and carnival attractions. By the 1930s the event ran for 13 days. In the 1990s the decision was made to relocate the showground and society offices. The first Royal Easter Show held at Homebush Bay was in 1998 - 16 years ago!! As always we've got some great images in the Dictionary, such as the Clyde Engingeering Co pavillion at the turn of the century and the District Exhibits from the 1930s - that's one of the displays I always have to go and see, along with the cake baking and jams competition, and the wood chopping. Ooh - and I always get a Bertie Beetle showbag! What's your favourite memory of the show? If you missed Lisa's spot on 2SER breakfast this morning, you can catch up here. Set yourself a reminder for next week - 8:20am, 107.3 - tune in!
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Sydney's whaling history

South Sea Whalers boiling blubber c1876. By Oswald Brierly. From the collection of the State Library of New South Wales A128893 / DG 366 Dixson Galleries
There's been more than one shift in the chair this week with our guest historian, Nicole Cama, joining Sophie Ly for Breakfast on 2SER this morning. In light of the International Court of Justice’s ruling delivered yesterday against Japan’s whaling program, Nicole thought it would be interesting to remember how integral the whaling industry was to the Australian economy during the 1800s when it was our major export commodity. In fact, the main whaling port of Australia at the time was a city that we all know and love - Sydney! Thanks Nicole for our guest post today. British whalers and sealers were the most frequent visitors to Port Jackson during the first decade of European settlement. At least a third of the convict transports and store ships sent to the new colony before 1800 were British whalers. Over time, Sydney became a natural place for British and American whalers to stop in port, as whales would migrate along the east coast of Australia. There was also a real sense that the industry could aid the new colony; American author Herman Melville, who famously wrote Moby Dick, noted that the colony was ‘saved from starvation by the benevolent biscuit of the whale ship dropping anchor in their waters.’ By 1805, the first Sydney-owned vessel set sail to go whaling and the trade reached a peak in the 1830s. Eventually whaling stations popped up in Mosman and even one at the Heads. But just to give you some stats to demonstrate just how major the industry was - by 1850, the commodities exported through this industry amounted to £4.2 million. Sydney alone had a fleet that produced whale oil and baleen valued at £2.6 million between 1825 and 1879. And it wasn’t just the money made from whale products, which could even include ointments made from whale blubber, that made the industry so lucrative. It provided opportunities for the shipping industry, it employed around 1,300 seamen, the government made money through port charges and customs duties. Sadly, as Sydney whalers took an average of 81 barrels of whale oil per month during its peak period, the years of wholesale slaughter had a dramatic impact on the whale population. But on a nicer note, it’s important to point out that Australia completely transformed its attitudes toward whaling. Although it took a long time, in 1979, whaling was totally banned. And so began the country’s campaign to protect the species and as we’ve seen, our efforts have produced some optimistic results. You can read more about our whaling history in Mark Howard's article for the Dictionary, Sydney’s whaling fleet, 2011.
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Epidemics

Nurses leaving Blackfriars Depot, Chippendale 1919. Contributed by State Records New South Wales, NRS4481_St6674
Nurses leaving Blackfriars Depot, Chippendale 1919. Contributed by State Records New South Wales, NRS4481_St6674
With the threat of winter flu upon us and recent news of an increase in children contracting measles, Tim and Lisa talked epidemics this morning on 2SER breakfast. It is a topic close to Lisa's mind with her current research into the history of disease in the Redfern and Waterloo areas. In built up areas, diseases and epidemics can spread rapidly and so they are very much a part of the history of our cites. The Spanish Influenza, a massive pandemic between 1918-19, killed more people globally than WWI – a sobering thought. Some of the epidemics we've had in Sydney include a massive outbreak of measles in 1866, one of several recurring outbreaks throughout the 19th century. From 1866–87, estimates of up to 80 per cent of children in Sydney under the age of five were affected. What is interesting about this outbreak compared to community responses to the recent rise in measles in children is that it didn't raise much concern. Measles was such a common childhood illness during summer that it didn't cause public panic despite the huge numbers of sick children. A smallpox epidemic in the 1880s, however, was a different matter altogether. Smallpox was considered an Old World disease and was quite contagious. The level of public panic led to the establishment of new hospitals like The Little Bay Sanatorium Coast Hospital (which no longer exists) as well as improvements in quarantine procedures and government responses to dealing with difficult epidemics —all of which came in handy when the Bubonic plague broke out in Sydney in 1900.
Rats in quarantine area, Sydney 1900. From the collection of the State Library of New South Wales A147265 / PXE 94, 265
Rats in quarantine area, Sydney 1900. From the collection of the State Library of New South Wales A147265 / PXE 94, 265
Most people still associate the plague with the Rocks in Sydney but it was actually more widespread, affecting the wharf area around Sydney harbour as well as working class suburbs. In scale it wasn't huge – around 100 people died - but the public hysteria associated with it meant that it became a social crisis. People still didn't understand how it was passed on and this led to scapegoating of Chinese and Syrians communities. The Dictionary has a great article on epidemics by Garry Wotherspoon. Don't be afraid to read it – it is a fascinating account of how different diseases have impacted on Sydney since 1788. You can read it here. Stay tuned for more unique Sydney stories with Lisa next week on 2SER when she joins Mitch Byatt who is taking over from Tim Higgins for breakfast. Thanks Tim – it's been a pleasure working with you and the Dictionary team wish you the very best for those post-4am mornings ahead.
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Irish Famine Memorial Hyde Park

Irish Famine Memorial Hyde Park Barracks. Photo: Mike Stacey for the Dictionary of Sydney, 2014
Last week the Dictionary of Sydney, with assistance from the Irish Consulate General - Sydney, launched the Old Irish Sydney walking app for smart phones. The app follows a path of twelve stops, tracing the history of people and places connected to Sydney's Irish heritage, starting with St Patrick's Day riots in Hyde Park and ending at St Patrick's Church, Church Hill. The tour stops at the Irish Famine Memorial at Hyde Park Barracks, a beautiful and moving monument to the lives of young Irish women and girls who took the long journey to Sydney to start a new life in the colony. Nicole Cama spoke to Tim  Higgins on 2SER breakfast this morning about the Irish Famine Memorial and its connection to Sydney's history. If you missed it, you can catch up here. The Great Irish Famine is a dark part of Ireland's history, lasting from 1845 -1852. It brought drastic change to Irish society, claiming the lives of over 1 million people and leading to a mass exodus of over a million more. In total, Ireland lost over 25 per cent of its population to famine. Hyde Park Barracks, originally built to house convict men and boys, was converted in 1848 into an immigration depot for thousands of Irish girls and women who arrived for poor houses and orphanages in Ireland. By 1863, over 30,000 single Irish women and girls followed, taking up domestic roles in a women-starved colony. Many stayed in Sydney while others were sent out into what must have felt like a hostile country. Considering the age of some of the girls, it is a daunting thought to most of visiting the memorial todya.
Irish Famine Memorial Hyde Park Barracks - detail. Photo: Mike Stacey for Dictionary of Sydney, 2014
You can read more about the history of the memorial in Perry McIntyre's article for the Dictionary of Sydney's Greening the Dictionary project in 2013, as well as visiting www.irishfaminememorial.org. Click here to download the Old Irish Sydney walking app. The app is available on Android and Apple devices. And don't forget to listen in next week for more Sydney history on 2SER Breakfast with Tim Higgins, 107.3.        
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St Patrick's Day

St Patrick's Day in the new land 1880. From the collection of the State Library of New South Wales TN115. Illustrated Sydney News, 20 March 1880, p5
From parliamentarians to publicans, the Irish are interwoven into the fabric of Sydney’s community. Each year the Irish come together on 17 March to celebrate the Feast day of the Patron Saint of Ireland, Saint Patrick and Sydney has hosted St Patrick’s Day celebrations since 1795. So in the lead up to St Patrick’s Day, Tim Higgins and I looked back at the festivities over the years. Over the course of the century St Patrick’s Day took various forms: banquets, picnics, regattas, sports carnivals, concerts and so on. Often the day was packed with a combination of such activities. Not to be forgotten, of course, is the religious service – after all, the day was set aside to commemorate a Christian saint. From very early on the day started with a Mass at St Patrick's Church Hill and then later solemn High Mass at St Mary's Cathedral. Jeff Kildea has written a great article for the Dictionary of Sydney about celebrating St Patrick's Day in the nineteenth century. It is illustrated with some wonderful images of celebrations around Sydney. Over the course of the twentieth century and up to the present, St Patrick's Day has continued to display its remarkable ability to adapt and change, ensuring that the feast day of the patron saint of Ireland does not pass unnoticed in Sydney. The parade and family day at Hyde Park will be happening this year on Sunday 16th.
The procession at corner of George and Bridge Streets, St Patrick's Day celebrations in Sydney 1886. From the collection of the State Library of New South Wales TN83. Australian Town and Country Journal, 27 March 1886 p27
In the lead up to St Patrick’s Day, the Dictionary of Sydney is delighted to release our new walking tour app – so you can get out and discover more of Sydney’s history. Our first walk, Old Irish Sydney, is an Irish themed walking tour, made possible through the support of the Irish Government’s Emigrant Support Programme. Discover the Irish people and history behind some of Sydney’s great churches, institutions and societies. Highly illustrated and with links to more content in the Dictionary’s repository, this is a fantastic way to explore Sydney’s history on the streets, on the go, or in the comfort of your armchair. Download the free app from the end of this week, from Google Play or the Apple App Store.
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Artist colony

Artist Colony: State Library of New South Wales, Exhibition Galleries, 1 Mar 2014 – 11 May 2014
After a few weeks offline writing, I was back on the airwaves this morning with Tim Higgins on 2SER. A big thank you to Nicole Cama for stepping in over the last few weeks. Nicole is one of the many people who volunteer in support of the Dictionary and it’s what makes the Dictionary such a successful public history project. A new exhibition,  Artist Colony: Drawing Sydney’s Nature, has just opened at the State Library of New South Wales and it’s one that all Sydney history buffs should go and see. One hundred rare natural history drawings dating from the 1790s, all drawn in Sydney, are on display. Many of them have never been displayed before and for some of these pictures it’s the first time they have been back in Sydney since they were painted all those years ago. The central part of the exhibition is drawn from a collection of 745 exquisite drawings acquired by the State Library back in 2011. The collection of six volumes of watercolours had been collated in the 1790s for Alymer Bourke Lambert, one of Britain’s leading natural historians. After his death, the watercolours passed on to the 13th Earl of Derby and there they remained in the family library until they were acquired by the State Library. Three of the volumes were known of, but rarely viewed, but the other three volumes had never been seen or described before. This is exciting stuff for historians and botanists! Since 2011 the library has been conserving the images and researching the background of the pictures – the artists, when and where they were produced. And now 100 of these very special images are on display for the public. One of the revelations in this collection is the importance of early watercolours for conveying information and knowledge. Back then the first fleet officers couldn’t take a photo of the amazing and completely bizarre flora and fauna they were encountering on their iPhone. If they could have, they would have taken a photo and posted it on instagram. Instead they did the 18th century equivalent – a watercolour – and sent it back to Britain. These watercolours were then copied and shared among social circles, ending up in collections, libraries and museums. Some great examples of multiple images and copies are on display. Another exciting aspect of the collection is that some of the watercolours are annotated and have recorded on them Sydney language words for the animals, birds and flowers. A rare thing. And an extraordinary development is that this collection of watercolours sheds new light on others in the State Library’s collection. Curators now believe that nine images previously attributed to another artist might have actually be executed by William Dawes. William Dawes is a fascinating man and an important cross-cultural player in the early colony. He was a marine officer with the first fleet, but was also an astronomer who established an observatory down at Dawes Point or Tar-ra. He forged friendships with some of the Gadigal people and learnt snippets of the Sydney language during his three years in the colony. You can read more about how the watercolours might be connected to Dawes in this recent Sydney Morning Herald article, First Fleet Drawings Study May Add Artist to William Dawes' Talents A whole swathe of these beautiful and historically significant watercolours have been digitised by the State Library so that you can enjoy them, wherever you are. The Dictionary of Sydney staff and volunteers will be working to incorporate some of them into the Dictionary’s extraordinary content. But to get the full impact of these historical documents and botanical wonders, head along to the State Library. There are also a few first fleet diaries on display, which you can peer at and read. The exhibition is on until 11 May 2014 and is free; just like the Dictionary of Sydney!
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APP

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DICTIONARY OF SYDNEY APP

[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label="Text" background_layout="light" text_orientation="left" use_border_color="off" border_color="#ffffff" border_style="solid"] Explore historical Sydney on your smart phone or tablet by downloading our walking tour app. Each tour is simple to follow with a GPS-enabled map of the route and its stops. At each stop  detailed text, audio commentary and stunning historical imagery reveal the stories of the people, places, architecture and events that have transformed Sydney. Available for both iTunes and Google Play devices. [/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type="1_4"][et_pb_text admin_label="Randwick Heritage" background_layout="light" text_orientation="left" use_border_color="off" border_color="#ffffff" border_style="solid"]

Randwick Heritage

Explore Randwick’s heritage with this self-guided walking tour of Sydney’s oldest municipality. Based on Randwick City Council’s heritage plaques program, the app contains information on the some of the best historical buildings and sites in Randwick and is accompanied by contemporary and historical images. Estimated time: One hour [/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label="Sydney Harbour Islands" background_layout="light" text_orientation="left" use_border_color="off" border_color="#ffffff" border_style="solid"]

Sydney Harbour Islands

This self-guided tour provides a fascinating insight into the rich history of the Sydney Harbour Islands. The tour includes a GPS-enabled map with each stop clearly marked, a range of multimedia and text detailing each islands’ past, and advice about accessing the islands. [/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type="1_4"][et_pb_text admin_label="Convict Parramatta" background_layout="light" text_orientation="left" use_border_color="off" border_color="#ffffff" border_style="solid"]

Convict Parramatta

Discover Sydney’s convict past in a one hour self-guided walk through Parramatta using our free app. See where convicts lived, worked and rioted, where they were punished, treated in the emerging health care systems and where many of them were buried. The tour includes commentary and historical imagery and starts in Parramatta Park in front of Old Government House. [/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label="Old Irish Sydney" background_layout="light" text_orientation="left" use_border_color="off" border_color="#ffffff" border_style="solid"]

Old Irish Sydney

Explore Sydney’s Irish heritage using our free app in a one hour self-guided walk through the city starting at Hyde Park and ending at St Patrick’s Catholic Church. An original evocative score complements the walk. [/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][et_pb_fullwidth_image admin_label="Birdseye view of Sydney" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/slnsw.dxd.dc.prod.dos.prod.assets/home-dos-files/2015/06/COSA_1888-City-of-Sydney-Birdseye-view_CROP_centre2.jpg" show_in_lightbox="off" url_new_window="off" animation="off" use_border_color="off" border_color="#ffffff" border_style="solid"]   [/et_pb_fullwidth_image][et_pb_row global_module="9305" admin_label="row" make_fullwidth="on" use_custom_width="off" width_unit="on" use_custom_gutter="on" gutter_width="1" padding_mobile="off" allow_player_pause="off" parallax="off" parallax_method="off" make_equal="off" column_padding_mobile="on"][et_pb_column type="4_4"][et_pb_text admin_label="Text" background_layout="light" text_orientation="left" use_border_color="off" border_color="#ffffff" border_style="solid" custom_padding="20px|10px|20px|20px" text_text_color="#dd3333"]

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